Yes, the teeth polishing machine(such as dental air polisher) is safely used by experienced professionals(dentists) to provide polishing. This is a procedure that is usually performed after a procedure called scaling (cleaning teeth). The procedure is usually done with a low speed rotating motor and by using powdered materials material as an aid.
Scaling is the procedure to remove the external stains and deposits (food debris, plaque, calculus), which is usually done by dentist with ultrasonic scaler water bottle.
It substantially smoothens the rough surface on the teeth formed by scaling. This smooth surface prevents plaque (bacterial material) from depositing further on the teeth and prevents further complications (caries, gum problems, gum atrophy, abscesses, etc.).
It will be going through well without any problems if it’s used correctly. But there are still certain disadvantages of scaling. Enamel loss for example, Microns toughness can cause sensitivity, but that can be effectively solved by using anti sensitivity toothpastes.
It is impossible to prevent the deposition of plaque. Even with proper brushing techniques, there is still a small amount of bacteria accumulated. Therefore, it is recommended to get scaling and polishing every 6 months to avoid further complications.